Cannabis has been a popular topic recently,
with a clear consensus that there are wide
health benefits to the plant, and evolving
laws that are increasing its availability.
Recognized commonly for its use in chronic
pain and inflammation, its benefits in treating a variety
of skin conditions is a less familiar topic. This article will
focus on cannabidiol (CBD) only, i.e. the part of the plant
not containing tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), which is
the psychoactive part that gets you high.
CBD's effect on skin goes beyond its anti-inflammatory
effects, and is not only helpful in
treatment but prevention as well.
Dr. Phillip Blair, MD, Ret. COL spoke on this
topic at the recent Cannabis World Conference and
Business Exposition in Los Angeles. An international
consultant on medical uses of CBD, Dr. Blair geared
this presentation to the effects CBD can have on such
conditions as acne, psoriasis, and even skin cancer.
This was the inspiration for this article.
How Does It Work?
Benefits of CBD for the skin include the following mechanisms:
- Neuro-regulation
- Immune modulation—includes decreasing pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF, IL1 and IL6 and increasing anti-inflammatory cytokines IL4 and IL10
- Effects on hunger, stress, and sex hormones
- Ability to restore balance to the Endocannabinoid System (ECS)
What is Cannabidiol?
Cannabidiol (pronounced Can’na-bi-die’-ol) is a
derivative of the cannabis or hemp plant that contains
a number of beneficial natural chemicals such as
cannabinoids and terpenes, providing a synergistic
or "entourage effect." This means that when added
together, the effects are not simply additive, but create
a more potent effect overall.
Over-the-counter cannabidiol, legal in all 50 states,
contains less than .3 percent tetrahydrocannabinol
(THC). In states where licensed, plants and their
derivatives that contain more than .3 percent THC
require a medical license and are purchased at a
dispensary. That is a changing requirement, though,
beyond the scope of this article. THC is the chemical
in the plant that has direct mind- and mood-altering
effects; i.e., it gets you high. Non-THC CBD also can
have positive effects on mind and mood, but without
the "high" effect.
Cannabidiol and the Skin
Cannabidiol (CBD) has been shown to have positive effects on a variety of skin conditions, its mechanism of action going
beyond the commonly accepted anti-inflammatory properties of
CBD. The most common modes of administration for skin care
are orally and topically. Conditions treated include acne, eczema,
psoriasis, skin cancer, wound healing, and aging skin.
The Endocannabinoid System and Acne
Acne is generally a result of overactive sebaceous glands.
The body's endocannabinoid system (ECS) which plays a
key role in the regulation of sebum production1 responds to
both endocannabinoids (made naturally in our body) and
phytocannabinoids (found in the cannabis plant). Balancing the
ECS is key here.
CBD works three different ways to regulate a sebaceous cell:
- Stops inflammatory lipids like arachidonic acid
- Stops the extra production of the cell types in sebaceous cells that lead to overproduction of sebaceous material
- Provides an anti-inflammatory effect2
There are other factors, too, which facilitate acne beyond the
sebocyte factor. One is the over-production of testosterone
which induces lipid synthesis, with excessive secretion and cell
growth. CBD was shown to inhibit this lipid syntheses.2 Another
factor is the overgrowth of bacteria called Propionibacterium.
CBD has been shown to exhibit antibacterial properties and
potentially inhibit its growth.2,3
Eczema
Eczema is a common skin condition characterized by a red,
itchy rash, most commonly appearing on the face, back of the
knees, wrists, hands, or feet, but may affect other areas as well.
Eczema affects about 10 percent to 20 percent of infants and
about 3 percent of adults and children in the US.
Newer research indicates that that skin conditions like
eczema and acne develop when there is an imbalance in the
ECS,4 and suggests that the cannabinoids can help repair this
imbalance by interacting with cannabinoid receptors. One study
of 2500 patients with eczema experienced significant reductions
in redness, scaling, itching, chafing, and thickening after regular
topical use of a cannabinoid-containing cream. This study also
resulted in 38.3 percent of the patients experiencing a complete
resolution of itching symptoms.5
Psoriasis
Psoriasis is an autoimmune disorder which includes pathological
overproduction of skin cells. The cytokine, Interleukin-17 (IL-17)
is known to be largely responsible for psoriasis. CBD reduces
the production of inflammatory cytokines IL-17 and IL-6 and
increases the production of an anti-inflammatory cytokine,
IL-10.6 This is a great boon to psoriasis sufferers, who have
had to cover up with clothing, or take strong and expensive
medications. They can now use a product that not only treats
their unsightly rash, but has side benefits instead of side effects.
Skin Cancer
Many studies show promising results of cannabis on cancer
cells. One study found that activating the cannabinoid receptors
induced cell death in tumorigenic epidermal cells, while the
non-cancerous epidermal cells remained unaffected.7 Dr. Blair
discussed his experience with a 50-year-old man with recurring
basal cell cancer. He had the cancer removed and covered
the area with CBD under a band-aid. The patient experienced
complete healing at two months with no signs of recurrence.
Wound Healing
There is considerable anecdotal evidence related to cannabis
and wound healing. A few studies suggest that activation of the
endocannabinoid system plays a role in this process.8 Dr. Blair
showed some before and after photos of a patient with a wound
on his arm, showing significant healing within 12 weeks.
Anti-aging Skin Care
There are an increasing number of CBD-containing skin care
products, owing largely to its anti-inflammatory effects, which
can counter the effects of aging.
Dosing and Application
For skin conditions, CBD can be taken orally, in capsules, gel
caps or tinctures, or topically, as a cream or oil. Dosing should
start at 15 mg of CBD twice a day orally, adjusting the dose
upward as needed. It not unusual to go up to 60 mg. For a
location-specific condition like eczema or skin cancer, you can
apply the topical cannabis directly on the affected area. For nonspecific
topical application, CBD oil can be applied to the back
and covered with a band-aid as protection. Any improvements
are typically seen in about two weeks after the first dose.
A number of troublesome and heretofore difficult to treat
skin conditions have been resolved successfully with its use.
And this is just one of a growing wave of uses of CBD.
We thank Dr. Phillip Blair for supplying both the inspiration and
a portion of the material for this article.
References:
- Dobrosi N, et al. Endocannabinoids enhance lipid synthesis and apoptosis of human sebocytes via cannabinoid receptor-2-mediated signaling. FASEB J. 2008;22(10):3685¡V95.
- Olah A, et al. Cannabidiol exerts sebostatic and anti-inflammatory effects on human sebocytes. The Journal of Clinical Investigation. 2014;124(9): 3713¡V24
- Kozela E, et al. Cannabinoids Decrease the Th17 Inflammatory Autoimmune Phenotype. Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology. 2013;8(5): 1265¡V76
- Appendino G, et al. Antibacterial cannabinoids from Cannabis sativa: a structure-activity study. J Nat Prod. 2008;71(8):1427¡V30.
- Eberlein, B., Eicke, C., Reinhardt, H.W., and Ring, J. (2008, January). Adjuvant treatment of atopic eczema: assessment of an emollient containing Npalmitoylethanolamine (ATOPA study). Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology: JEADV, 22(1), 73¡V82.
- Biro, T., Toth, B.I., Hasko, G., Paus, R., and Pacher, P. (2009). The endocannabinoid system of the skin in health and disease: novel perspectives and therapeutic opportunities. Trends in Pharmacological Sciences, 30(8), 411¡V20.
- M. Llanos Casanova, et al. Inhibition of Skin Tumor Growth and Angiogenesis in Vivo by Activation of Cannabinoid receptors. JCI. 2003;111(1): 43¡V50.
- Ramot Y, Sugawara K, Zakany N, Toth BI, Biro T, Paus R. (2013) A novel control of human keratin expression: cannabinoid receptor 1-mediated signaling down-regulates the expression of keratins K6 and K16 in human keratinocytes in vitro and in situ. PeerJ 1:e40 https://peerj.com/articles/40/
