As French fashion designer Coco Chanel once said, “Nature gives you the face you have at 20; it is up to you to merit the face you have at 50.”

We are all in search of a more youthful appearance. With age, comes the inevitable changes to our skin i.e., texture change, wrinkle formation, color change, etc. Our 21st-century world poses many challenges to maintaining glowing, radiant skin. Sugar-laden and processed foods, dehydration, air pollution, EMF exposure, alcohol, tobacco, sun damage, stress, and lack of sleep are all the thieves that will steal our youthful appearance.

While, we cannot hold back time, modern science has given us some amazing solutions that allow us to seriously slow the aging process way down…and even roll it back a bit!

Thankfully for us, there is good news on the skin rejuvenation front. By adding healthy lifestyle and dietary choices into the mix along with an effective skin care regimen, we can, indeed, merit a more youthful and healthy appearance.

The Two Aging Villains: Inflammation and Dehydration
Only 10 –15 percent of visible aging is directly related to genetics. That leaves the vast percentage of the aging process as the result of external conditions in addition to our personal choices and habits.

If it’s not really about our genes, then what does initiate the aging process? It is now understood that the inflammatory process is one of the key aging villains. Research shows chronic inflammation undermines healthy, youthful skin.

But, first, here is a quick definition of inflammation. Inflammation is an immune response that occurs when tissue has been injured or abnormally stimulated. Although it is a normal immune response, it is a problem when there is a continuous barrage of factors that keep the inflammatory process constantly active. An inflammatory response triggers the production of free radicals, which in turn starts a destructive chain of events, called the inflammation cascade. Immediate effects of inflammation on the skin can cause roughness, tightness, and spots (post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation).

The process of continuous low-intensity inflammation, while invisible, damages our skin and will slowly lead to the inevitable signs of aging. It can accelerate fine lines, wrinkles and enlarged pores, as well as puffiness, sagging, blotchiness or reddening of the skin. Conditions such as eczema, psoriasis, and rosacea are also inflammatory symptoms. While aging, itself, initiates an inflammatory response, exposure to toxic chemicals, sunburns, stress, and denatured foods all add fuel to the fire of inflammation.

On the record, many skin and personal care products contain many of the 10,500 toxic chemical ingredients that have been known to cause inflammation, free radical damage and aging to the skin.¹ Becoming an educated consumer and choosing only the purest products is vital in the unregulated, Wild West world of skincare.

The other major aging villain is dehydration. One of the main characteristics of youthful skin is its ability to naturally retain cellular hydration. As we age, the ability to hold moisture steadily declines.

Cellular dehydration is exacerbated by lack of adequate water intake, chronic stress and aging. The most common indications of dehydration include dryness, flakiness, roughness, irritation, and cracking. These symptoms all add up to the look of prematurely aged skin.

There is an important piece of the hydration story called hyaluronic acid (HA). It is a naturally occurring molecule found in cells throughout our body. However, the greatest concentration of HA is found in skin tissue. Almost 50 percent of the body’s HA is found here. HA occurs in both the deep underlying dermal areas as well as the visible epidermal top layers. Youthful skin is smooth and elastic from the abundant amounts of HA plumping up our skin cells.

As we age, the amount of hyaluronic acid produced by our skin cells begins to decline and cell turnover can become sluggish—this is when those dreaded lines, wrinkles and rough texture tend to make their debut.

So, what is the best solution to combat the two villains of skin aging: inflammation and diminishing levels of hyaluronic acid?

The Two Pieces of the Skin Rejuvenation Puzzle
In order to stop the destructive process of inflammation, a powerful, yet safe, anti-inflammatory solution is needed. Enter, a patented silver molecule called SilverSol®, one of the most effective solutions to safely repair as well as protect the skin from the damaging effects of inflammation. Through a new manufacturing technology, patented under multiple patents, this advanced Nano-silver solution, is the new generation of colloidal silver. It is recognized as the standard by which all other silver products are now measured.

The patented SilverSol® technology from American Biotech Labs is a unique and highly effective form of silver. Throughout the ages and in cultures around the world, silver has been renowned for its anti-microbial effects. Even the famous Greek healer Hippocrates praised silver for its tissue repair and wound healing abilities. Thanks to advanced 21st-century technology, SilverBiotics by American Biotech Labs, is the most powerful as well as the safest safe form of silver ever created.

Why is SilverSol® so important for youthful skin? Clinical studies proved that SilverSol® successfully killed all known forms of bacteria, even MRSA, within minutes.^2,3 The same impressive results were achieved with viruses, yeast, and mold.

But SilverSol® has other important skin benefits besides preventing and healing infections. In addition, it accelerates wound healing, calms inflammation, reduces scarring and promotes stem cell release and activation.⁴

Also, because SilverSol® is so effective against the growth of pathogens, it takes on another important role in skin care products. It is an effective and safe preservative to maintain the purity of a skincare formula.⁵

The addition of the patented SilverSol® technology in an anti-aging facial serum ensures ultimate protection and healing for your face. It offers a unique barrier against microbial infections as well as environmental assaults. At the same time, it gently promotes natural healing of the skin i.e., reducing all signs of inflammation, redness, blemishes and the appearance of scars. The second important piece of the rejuvenation puzzle is Hyaluronic Acid (HA) serum for plumping up dehydrated cells.

As we age, the cells ability to hold moisture drops significantly. That translates into a loss of elasticity and glowing complexion. HA is phenomenal at penetrating the skin's upper layers where it affects tissue repair and protection while boosting elasticity and hydration. Another important feature of HA is its ability to transport nutrients from the blood directly to skin cells. HA has one more important feature, it protects the skin from the free radical damage caused by the sun's UV rays.^6,7,8

Hyaluronic Acid is a real superstar when it comes to rejuvenation. Because it has the unique ability to attract and retain more than 1000 times its weight in water, researchers have seen a significant increase in skin smoothness and wrinkle reduction.

Hyaluronic Acid is essential for youthful skin because it:

• Curbs premature wrinkling
• Keeps collagen synthesis up
• Increases skin hydration
• Locks in moisture
• Boosts skin elasticity
• Enhances collagen production
• Nourishes skin cell growth
• Promotes firm skin tone
• Antioxidant protection

The New SilverBiotics Anti-Aging Facial Serum for Re-Vitalizing Aging Skin

A truly effective skin rejuvenating product needs to protect against the two most age ravaging villains, inflammation, and dehydration.

In the search for a truly effective anti-aging solution, American Biotech Labs formulated the ultimate in skin rejuvenation, called the SilverBiotics Anti-Aging Facial Serum. They combined their patented SilverSol® technology with a super powerful hyaluronic acid combination incorporating two different molecular weights.

This special combination of the two molecular weights ensures that HA is able to reach the deepest layers of the skin while providing hours of intense cellular hydration and softness. The result is a truly rejuvenated you - diminished wrinkles and fine lines, well-hydrated skin, greater skin firmness and reduced skin discoloration.

In addition to a daily regimen, always use the Anti-Aging Facial Serum after any skincare treatment such as laser procedures, chemical peels, waxing, micro needling, or plucking procedures to ensure rapid skin repair and healing.

One of the truly unique features of SilverSol® technology is its proven ability to stimulate stem cell activation. That translates into faster healing and regeneration for more youthful skin.

When choosing a good skincare product, be sure to look for one that contains all natural, non-toxic ingredients. That's why SilverBiotics Anti-Aging Facial Serum is your best choice. It is formulated without parabens, biphenyl A, phthalates, sulfates, alcohol, harsh preservatives or synthetic colors, which are commonly found in so many other skincare products.

The SilverBiotics Anti-Aging Facial Serum is 100 percent pure. It is formulated with only SilverSol® liquid, Hyaluronic Acid, and Organic Vegetable Glycerin.

How to Get the Best Results
For achieving the best results, it is recommended to apply SilverBiotics Anti-Aging Facial Serum twice a day - morning and night. It rapidly absorbs into the skin with a light texture for deep penetrating hydration. It is so gentle that it is safe for all skin types, even the most sensitive skin.

Why Are Women Raving about SilverBiotics Anti-Aging Facial Serum?
This serum is truly remarkable in its ability to deliver on its promises. The many women who have been using this product have been thrilled with the results. Here are two real-life testimonials.

Denise Willoughby from Langley, BC, Canada shares her experience.
"For the past 15 years my husband Dr. Andrew Willoughby has been utilizing the American Biotech Labs' SilverSol® products to achieve remarkable wound healing results on his dental patients, so I am intimately familiar with these products given that I am one of those patients who has benefited.

This super hydrating new Anti-Aging Facial Serum has made my skin noticeably more supple and healthy looking. I would highly recommend this product to any person as part of their daily skin care regimen - it's a fantastic product. I hope I can keep evaluating it for years to come!"

Although Rachel Armel, RN, has only been using the Anti-Aging Facial Serum for a short time, she sent in this testimonial.

"I've only been using the facial serum for about a week and could not be more pleased with the results. I noticed my skin became so much better moisturized and the lines and wrinkles so much less noticeable. I never expected to see results this quickly so I can only imagine how I will look in a few months!

I have tried so many anti-wrinkle/anti-aging products in the last few years and have found them disappointing and over-hyped but this product truly delivers. It's the real deal. LOVE IT!"

An Invitation to More Radiant, Youthful Skin

Turning back the aging process is no longer just wishful thinking. A more youthful appearance is possible for all of us. Nourishing our skin with an organic diet, adequate water intake, plenty of rejuvenating sleep, regular exercise and daily de-stressing strategies are the foundation for healthy skin. And thanks to the innovative SilverBiotics Anti-Aging Facial Serum, it is now possible to heal, repair, rehydrate, and regenerate the skin at the deepest levels at any age.

No matter what your age, Coco Chanel would be happy to know that with SilverBiotics Anti-Aging Facial Serum we can all merit beautiful, radiant skin.

References:

1. Why this matters–Cosmetics and your health https://www.ewg.org/skindeep/2011/04/12/why-this-matters/
2. Ultradilute Ag-aquasols with extraordinary bactericidal properties: role of the system Ag–O–H2O, Material Research Innovations, 2007 Vol 11 No 1.
3. Silver Sol and the Successful Treatment of Hospital Acquired MRSA in Human Subjects with Serious Ongoing Infection. Pedersen, Gordon. (Published in A4M Anti-Aging Therapeutics Vol. 11.)
4. Silver Sol Improves Wound Healing: Case Studies in the Use of Silver Sol in Closing Wounds (Including MRSA), Preventing Infection, Inflammation and Activating Stem Cells, Gordon Pedersen Ph.D. and Keith Moeller http://www.muvezi.org/Pedersen-Silver-Sol-Wound-Healing-MRSA.pdf.
5. A Unique Silver Sol with broad antimicrobial properties. Antimicrobial, Vol, 3, No 11, April 2011 https://www.scribd.com/document/68258370/A-Unique-Silver-Sol-with-Broad-Antimicrobial-Properties
6. Hyaluronic acid: A key molecule in skin aging. Dermatoendocrinol 2012 Jul 1;4(3): 253–58.
7. Hyaluronic acid, a promising skin rejuvenating biomedicine: A review of recent updates and pre-clinical and clinical investigations on cosmetic and nutricosmetic effect. Int J Biol Macromol. 2018 Dec; 120(Pt B):1682–95. doi: 10.1016/j ijbiomac.2018.09.188. Epub 2018 Oct 1. https://www.ewg.org/skindeep/2011/04/12/why-this-matters/
8. Anti-aging and filling efficacy of six types of hyaluronic acid based dermo cosmetic treatment: double blind, randomized clinical trial of efficacy and safety J Cosmet Dermatol 2014 Dec; 13(4): 277–87.

Dear Readers,

Happy Father's Day

Welcome to the June 2019 issue of TotalHealthOnline Magazine.

Charles K. Bens, PhD, asks “Is Cholesterol The Cause Of Heart Disease?” Statin drugs do lower cholesterol, but it is very clear that they do not save many lives. And, this would seem to answer the question in the title of this article. The main cause is the presence of inflammation in the body. Inflammation can be caused by many factors including the following: nutrition, toxins, genetics, exercise, and stress. Read Dr. Ben’s recommendations on what you can do to protect your heart.

Gene Bruno, MS, MHS, RH(AHG), presents “Organic Foods: Are They Really Better?” Bruno explains the difference between non-organic and organic food, the farming, and the food production. The conclusion reached is yes—organic foods are more expensive but when you look at the big picture—if a person can afford the prices—the organic food is healthier for you, your family and the world environment. Thank you Gene for your take on the subject.

“Smart Tips: Estrogen,” by Ann Louise Gittleman, PhD, CNS. If you are a follower of Dr. Gittleman you know she is a fan of flax seed. She explains the benefits to the body, how to prepare it and how to incorporate flax into your diet. Smart Fats are one of the top strategies for natural hormone therapy. You will not be disappointed with her sharing her expertise with you.

Sherrill Sellman, ND, reports on skin care in “Yes, You Can Create Youthful Skin at Any Age.” Many skin and personal care products contain many of the 10,500 toxic chemical ingredients that have been known to cause inflammation, free radical damage and aging to the skin. Become an educated consumer and choose only the purest products. It sounds familiar to other articles in this issue. A more youthful appearance is possible for all of us. Nourishing our skin with an organic diet, adequate water intake, plenty of rejuvenating sleep, regular exercise and daily de-stressing strategies are the foundation for healthy skin.

Gloria Gilbère, CDP, DAHom, PhD, contributes “Crust-Less Zucchini Spinach Quiche.” In addition Gilbère offers several variations in the recipe as well as several serving suggestions. The article is followed by her new cookbook and video offer free to our readers.

Shawn Messonnier’s, DVM, topic this month is "Parvovirus in Pets". Commonly it affects young puppies. Certain breeds such as Doberman Pinschers, Rottweiler’s, Pit Bulls, and Labrador Retrievers may be more severely infected than others.

Thank you to our authors, readers and advertisers. You make TotalHealthOnline possible.

Best in health,

TWIP—The Wellness Imperative People

Click here to read the full June 2019 issue.

• Is Cholesterol The Cause Of Heart Disease?
  Charles Bens, PhD
• Organic Foods: Are They Really Better?
  Gene Bruno, MS, MHS
• Yes, You Can Create Youthful Skin at Any Age
  Sherrill Sellman, ND
• Smart Tips: Estrogen
  Anne Louise Gittleman, PhD, CNS
• Crust-Less Zucchini Spinach Quiche
  Gloria Gilbère, CDP, DAHom, PhD
• Parvovirus In Pets
  Shawn Messonnier, DVM

Click here to read the full June 2019 issue.

Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is an important hormone produced in the adrenal glands and liver¹, and in men, the testes. DHEA and its sulfate ester, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S), are interconvertible. DHEA-S is the storage form of DHEA.^2,3 DHEA can then be metabolized to androstenedione, the major human precursor to androgens and estrogens^4,5—although DHEA doesn’t have direct estrogenic or androgenic activity.⁶ In most individuals, the production of DHEA normally peaks during the mid-’20s and then begins a steady, progressive decrease of up to 90 percent with aging.⁷ This decrease is associated with a host of age-related syndromes and conditions, including a concurrent reduction in protein formation, a decrease in muscle mass, and an increase in body fat.⁸ There are no good dietary sources of DHEA other than by way of supplementation.

7-keto DHEA is a metabolite of DHEA and may prove to be a safer alternative. Unlike DHEA, 7-keto-DHEA is not converted to androgens and estrogens.^9,10,11 Oral or topical administration of 7-keto-DHEA does not affect plasma levels of steroid hormones.^12,13Similarly to DHEA, 7-keto-DHEA is rapidly converted to the sulfated form, known as 7-keto-DHEAS¹⁴.

Areas Of Benefit
Clinical studies have been conducted on supplementation with both DHEA and 7-keto-DHEA. Based upon that research, DHEA offers potential benefits for adrenal support, youthful skin, sexual support, bone mineral density, mood support/ mental function, healthy inflammatory response in body tissues, fatigue reduction, menopause, weight loss, and insulin sensitivity. Clinical studies on 7-keto DHEA have identified three major areas of potential benefit, including weight loss, cognitive function, and immune function. Following is an overview of the research on each of these dietary supplement ingredients.

DHEA: Adrenal Support
In individuals with suboptimal adrenal function, daily supplementation with 20–50 mg DHEA seems to improve feelings of well-being, skin and hair, and sexuality responsiveness.^15,16 DHEA also helps support healthy maturation of the adrenal glands in children with suboptimal adrenal function.¹⁷

DHEA: Youthful Skin
As previously discussed. DHEA levels decline with age. In research with individuals 60–79 years old, taking 50 mg DHEA daily helped reverse certain parameters of aging skin. Subjects experienced an increase in epidermal thickness, sebum production, skin hydration, and decrease facial skin pigmentation.¹⁸

DHEA: Sexual Support
Aging males supplemented with 50 mg DHEA daily for six months experienced improvements in parameters of male performance, including erection, orgasmic function, sexual desire, and overall sexual satisfaction. DHEA helped improve male performance in men with suboptimal blood pressure balance or whose performance was suboptimal for unknown reasons, but did not improve performance in individuals with diabetes or neurological disorders.^19,20

In postmenopausal women, clinical evidence has demonstrated that a single 300 mg dose of DHEA improved sexual response, including significantly greater mental and physical sexual arousal.²¹ Furthermore, vaginal application of DHEA was found to be effective in reducing vaginal atrophy in elderly postmenopausal women.₂₂

DHEA: Bone Mineral Density
Loss of bone mineral density (BMD) is common with aging. Daily supplementation with 50–100 mg DHEA has been shown to improve BMD in older women and men with suboptimal BMD._23,24 It also helps improve BMD in younger women with eating disorders.²⁵

DHEA: Mood Support / Mental Function
Experiencing moodiness or “the blues” is common during the lifecycle but can increase with age.²⁶Some clinical research suggests that taking DHEA orally might improve symptoms of moodiness in elderly subjects.^27,28,29 Taking DHEA orally seems to improve healthy mental function in individuals with suboptimal perception or expression of reality.³⁰

DHEA: Healthy Inflammatory Response In Body Tissues
Some individuals experience acute and chronic inflammation of various tissues of the body resulting from an attack by their body’s own immune system. Taking DHEA orally in conjunction with conventional treatment may help support a healthy inflammatory response in various tissues.^{31,32,33,34,35,36,37} It may also help promote the normalization of symptoms such as muscle ache.38 In addition, DHEA also seems to improve bone mineral density in such individuals whose conventional medications adversely affect bone mineral density.^39,40,41

DHEA: Fatigue Reduction
Some individuals, who experience a period of high physical and/or emotional stress, also experience the onset of fatigue of a chronic nature. DHEA may be able to help. In a clinical study, supplementation with DHEA led to a significant reduction in associated pain, fatigue, limitations in activities of daily living, helplessness, anxiety, difficulty thinking, poor memory, and sexual problems over the period of the study.⁴²

DHEA: Menopause
In a clinical study, 25 mg of DHEA daily increased the levels of all the hormones that derive from DHEA metabolism. It also increased neurosteroids and endorphin levels. The results were an improvement of vasomotor symptoms such as hot flashes, as well as psychological symptoms throughout 12 months of therapy.⁴³

DHEA: Weight Loss & Insulin Sensitivity
In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, fiftysix elderly subjects took 50 mg DHEA daily for six months. Subjects taking the DHEA experienced a significant decrease in abdominal fat, and improvements in insulin sensitivity compared to those using the placebo.⁴⁴

7-keto: Weight Loss
7-keto-DHEA is thought to be beneficial in weight loss by increasing metabolism and thermogenesis. Early evidence in animals suggests 7-keto-DHEA can increase thermogenesis, possibly by stimulation of thermogenic enzymes in the liver⁴⁵ ; however this effect has not yet been reported in humans. Clinical evidence suggests 7-keto-DHEA might increase basal metabolism.

In obese patients, 7-keto-DHEA can significantly increase the thyroid hormone triiodothyronine (T3) when used over four weeks.⁴⁶ This effect on thyroid function may positively influence metabolism⁴⁷, helping patients reduce body weight and body fat. In fact, one clinical study seems to support the hypothesis that the supplement can enhance weight loss.

Thirty overweight adults were randomized into a prospective, double-blind, placebo controlled eight-week study.⁴⁸ Fifteen subjects received 100 mg 7-Keto DHEA twice per day whereas the other 15 subjects received a matching placebo. All subjects exercised three times per week, 60 minutes per session of cross-training (aerobic and anaerobic) under the supervision of an exercise physiologist. The exercise plus 7-Keto DHEA group lost a significant amount of body weight as compared with the exercise plus placebo group.

When analyzed per a four-week interval, the 7-Keto DHEA group lost 3.17 lbs per interval, whereas placebo lost 1.09 lbs. In terms of actual body composition changes, the exercise plus 7-Keto DHEA group lost 1.8 percent body fat as compared to 0.57 percent for the placebo group. When viewed as a change in body fat per four-week interval, the 7-Keto DHEA group lost 0.89 percent body fat per interval as compared to 0.29 percent for the placebo.

In a later randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial⁴⁹, 7-Keto DHEA was tested in overweight adults maintained on a calorie-restricted diet to determine efficacy in increasing the resting metabolic rate (RMR). The results were that RMR increased significantly by 1.4 percent in the 7-Keto DHEA group, whereas RMR decreased by 3.9 percent in the placebo group. In this study, 7-Keto reversed the decrease in RMR normally associated with dieting and was generally well tolerated with no serious adverse events.

7-Keto: Cognitive Function
Research has indicated that that DHEA administration might be beneficial in terms of neuroprotection against agerelated loss of brain functions like learning and memory.⁵⁰ Furthermore, DHEA showed insignificant effects on both learning/memory ability in aging rats.⁵¹ Higher DHEAS levels are also independently and favorably associated with executive function, concentration, and working memory in humans.⁵² In addition, other research suggests that 7-keto-DHEA improves chemically-induced and age-related memory impairment.⁵³

7-Keto: Immune Function
7-keto DHEA has also been studied for its potential immuneboosting properties. This includes immunomodulatory effects by stimulating interleukin-2 production by human lymphocytes in-vitro.⁵⁴ Researchers think that it may also stimulate the activity and effectiveness of T-lymphocytes. These T-lymphocytes may in turn stimulate additional immune system functions.⁵⁵ Studies based on these observations suggest that 7-keto DHEA may have a future as an important immune system enhancer.^56,57 Thus, 7-keto DHEA could prove to be therapeutically useful in a wide range of conditions. Studies suggest that DHEA may reduce the replication of certain types of viruses.⁵⁸

References

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8. Morales AJ, Nolan JJ, Nelson JC, Yen SS. Effects of replacement dose of dehydroepiandrosterone in men and women of advancing age. J Clin Endocrin 1994;78(6):1360– 7.
9. Lardy H, Partridge B, Kneer N, Wei Y. Ergosteroids: induction of thermogenic enzymes in liver of rats treated with steroids derived from dehydroepiandrosterone. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1995;92:6617–9.
10. Davidson MH, Weeks C, Lardy H, et al. Clinical Safety and Endocrine Effects of 7-KETO-DHEA. Abstract presented at: Experimental Biology 98, April 19-22, 1998, San Francisco, CA. Abstract obtained from Humanetics Corporation website.
11. Colker CM, Torina GC, Swain MA, Kalman DS. Double-Blind Study Evaluating the Effects of Exercise Plus 3-Acetyl-7-oxodehydroepiandrosterone on Body Composition and the Endocrine System in Overweight Adults. Journal of Exercise Physiology Online 1999;2(4):Abstract #30.
12. Davidson M, Marwah A, Sawchuk RJ, et al. Safety and pharmacokinetic study with escalating doses of 3-acetyl-7-oxo-dehydroepiandrosterone in healthy male volunteers. Clin Invest Med 2000;23:300–10.
13. Sulcova J, Hill M, Masek Z, et al. Effects of transdermal application of 7-oxo-DHEA on the levels of steroid hormones, gonadotropins and lipids in healthy men. Physiol Res 2001;50:9– 18.
14. Davidson M, Marwah A, Sawchuk RJ, et al. Safety and pharmacokinetic study with escalating doses of 3-acetyl-7-oxo-dehydroepiandrosterone in healthy male volunteers. Clin Invest Med 2000;23:300–10.
15. Arlt W, Callies F, van Vlijmen JC, et al. Dehydroepiandosterone replacement in women with adrenal insufficiency. N Engl J Med 1999;341:1013–20.
16. Johannsson G, Burman P, Wiren L, et al. Low dose dehydroepiandrosterone affects behavior in hypopituitary androgen-deficient women: a placebo-controlled trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2002;87:2046– 52.
17. Kim SS, Brody KH. Dehydroepiandrosterone replacement in Addison’s disease. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2001;97:96– 7.
18. Baulieu EE, Thomas G, Legrain S, et al. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), DHEA sulfate, and aging. Contribution of the DHEAge study to a sociobiomedical issue. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2000;97:4279- 84.
19. Reiter WJ, Pycha A, Schatzl G, et al. Dehydroepiandosterone in the treatment of erectile dysfunction: A prospective, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. Urol 1999;53:590– 5.
20. Reiter WJ, Schatzl G, Mark I, et al. Dehydroepiandrosterone in the treatment of erectile dysfunction in patients with different organic etiologies. Urol Res 2001;29:278–81.
21. Hackbert L, Heiman JR. Acute dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) effects on sexual arousal in postmenopausal women. J Womens Health Gend Based Med 2002;11:155– 62.
22. Labrie F, Diamond P, Cusan L, et al. Effect of 12 month dehydroepiandrosterone replacement therapy on bone, vagina, and endometrium in postmenopausal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1997;82:3498–505.
23. Sun Y, Mao M, Sun L, et al. Treatment of osteoporosis in men using dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate. Chin Med J (Engl) 2002;115:402–4.
24. Villareal DT, Holloszy JO, Kohrt WM. Effects of DHEA replacement on bone mineral density and body composition in elderly women and men. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2000;53:561– 8.
25. Gordon CM, Grace E, Emans SJ, et al. Effects of oral dehydroepiandrosterone on bone density in young women with anorexia nervosa: a randomized trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2002;87:4935– 41.
26. Hybels CF and Blazer DG. Epidemiology of late-life mental disorders. Clinics in Geriatric Medicine 2003; 19:663– 696.
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28. Bloch M, Schmidt PJ, Danaceau MA, et al. Dehydroepiandrosterone treatment of midlife dysthymia. Biol Psychiatry 1999;45:1533–41.
29. Wolkowitz OM, Reus VI, Manfredi F, et al. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) treatment of depression. [Abstract] Biol Psychiatry 1997;41:311–8.
30. Strous RD, Maayan R, Lapidus R, et al. Dehydroepiandrosterone augmentation in the management of negative, depressive, and anxiety symptoms in schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2003;60:133– 41.
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32. van Vollenhoven RF, Engleman EG, McGurie JL. Dehydroepiandrosterone in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Arth Rheum 1995;38:1826– 31.
33. van Vollenhoven RF, Engleman EG, McGuire JL. Dehydroepiandrosterone in systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum1994;37:1305–10.
34. an Vollenhoven RF, Park JL, Genovese MC, et al. A double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical trial of dehydroepiandrosterone in severe lupus erythematosus. Lupus 1999;8:181–7.
35. Mease PJ, Merrill JT, Lahita RG, et al. GL701 (prasterone, dehydroepiandrosterone) improves systemic lupus erythematosus. 2000 American College of Rheumatology Meeting. Philadelphia, PA. October 29–November 2. Abstract 1230.
36. Petri MA, Mease PJ, Merrill JT, et al. Effects of prasterone on disease activity and symptoms in women with active systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum 2004;50:2858–68.
37. Petri MA, Lahita RG, Van Vollenhoven RF, et al. Effects of prasterone on corticosteroid requirements of women with systemic lupus erythematosus: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Arthritis Rheum 2002;46:1820–9.
38. Petri MA, Mease PJ, Merrill JT, et al. Effects of prasterone on disease activity and symptoms in women with active systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum 2004;50:2858–68.
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